Afghan Women Now Seek Beauty with Doctors’ Help

Unlocking Word Meanings
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. cosmetic surgery (n.) [koz-met-ik] [sur-juh-ree]– surgery or medical treatment to improve a person’s appearance

Example: Some women who are unsatisfied with their bodies choose to have cosmetic surgery.

2. disfigurement (n.) [dis-fig-yer-muhnt; British dis-fig-er-muhnt]– damaged appearance

Example: Surgery would save the patient’s life but would also cause facial disfigurement.

3. pursuit (n.) [per-soot]– effort done to get or to have something

Example: Many people start their own business in the pursuit of profit.

4. thanks to (expr.) [thangks] [too]– because of, with the help of

Example: Thanks to the doctor’s quick judgment, the patient’s life was saved.

5. liberal (adj.) [lib-er-uhl, lib-ruhl]– open or accepting of change, freedom, or ways that are not traditional

Example: City people are generally more liberal than people who live in the countryside.

Article
Read the text below.

An increasing number of Afghan women are undergoing cosmetic surgery to make themselves look more beautiful. In the past, women living in Afghanistan mostly underwent reconstructive surgery to fix scars and disfigurements. These disfigurements were a result of war, domestic abuse (violence from their own family members), and self-immolation (setting fire to one’s own body). Self-immolation is done by Afghan women who have lost hope of escaping problems such as domestic abuse and poverty. Recently, however, there has been an increasing demand for cosmetic procedures in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan’s capital. The most requested cosmetic procedure is the nose lift. Facelifts, breast enhancements, and tummy tucks have also become popular. In Dr. Aminullah Hamkar’s clinic, two cosmetic procedures are performed every week. Dr. Hamkar says the increase in cosmetic procedures is a positive sign. The pursuit of beauty is done only in times of peace, he explains. Afghanistan may now be moving past the time of war and violence brought by the 1979 to 1989 Soviet-Afghan war and by the military rule of the Taliban after. The country has a growing middle-class, thanks to people around the world who have sent billions of dollars to help the citizens of Afghanistan. Those in the middle-class are now looking toward Iran, Dubai and Europe for beauty trends. More Afghans are also traveling to other countries and learning about cultures different from their own. Dr. Hakmar says that many people who return from more liberal countries to their conservative Afghanistan have changed views on life, sex, and beauty.

Viewpoint Discussion
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor. 

Discussion A 

         Do you believe that Afghanistan is becoming a more peaceful country? Why do you think so?

         What are some other pursuits or activities that people can focus on during times of peace?

Discussion B

         Why do you think appearance is very important to some people?

         What is your opinion on cosmetic surgery? Should people avoid it? Please explain your answer.

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Burmese TV Company Buys Rights for English Football Telecast

Unlocking Word Meanings
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. telecast (v.) [tel-i-kast, -kahst]– to broadcast a show by television

Example: Many television companies in different countries will telecast the Olympic events.

2. deal (n.) [deel]– a business agreement or transaction between two or more people/groups

Example: The presidents of the two companies signed a partnership deal.

3. tune in (idiom) [toon, tyoon] [in]– to turn on the television or radio and watch/ listen to a program

Example: Many people tune in every night to watch the popular drama.

4. rampant (adj.) [ram-puhnt]– happening often and in many areas

Example: The sale of fake items is rampant nowadays.

5. divert (v.) [dih-vurt, dahy-]– to turn a person’s attention toward something else

Example: His attention was diverted by the noise outside their house.

Article
Read the text below.

SkyNet, the biggest pay TV company in Burma, recently bought a three-year right to telecast the UK Premiere League football games for $40 million. With the millions of football fans in Burma, the deal will likely make a profit. As long as there is electricity supply and a television, fans are expected to tune in to watch the games. However, Zetty Brake, coordinator at Burma Campaign Australia, says that while football is surely entertaining, the money spent could have been used on more important nationwide problems. Burma faces a lack in electric and water supply, basic education and healthcare. Criminal cases are also rampant in the country. Brake believes the decision to emphasize entertainment diverts people’s attention from real and more important issues in the country. SkyNet and other media companies owned by the government focus less on local news and promote sports and entertainment instead. Burma affairs analyst Professor Sean Turnell adds that the viewers of the football games would be mostly poor people. Most of them would be watching not from their homes but in public establishments, since an average Burmese cannot afford a television set and does not have access to electricity. But Turnell believes the deal to telecast the games also has an important meaning to the Burmese people. The deal is proof that international communities have become more willing to do business with the country ever since the Burmese government started lessening military control and slowly started adopting democracy.

Viewpoint Discussion
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor. 

Discussion A

         Do you agree that television often diverts people’s attention away from real-world problems? Why or why not?

         How do you think television can be helpful in pointing out the problems of a country?

Discussion B

         Why do you think television is important to people?

         Do you think people in today’s world can live without television? Why or why not?

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Japanese Man Builds Pilot-Controlled Robot

Unlocking Word Meanings 
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. state-of-the-art (adj.) [steyt-of-thee-art]– making use of the latest or most advanced technology or techniques

Example: The communication company introduced its new state-of-the-art smartphone. 

2. bring to life (idiom) [bring too lahyf]– to make something real

Example: The actors bring to life the characters in movies. 

3. pilot (v.) [pahy-luht]–to act as a pilot or controller of a vehicle

Example: He must pilot the plane with few mistakes to pass the flight test.

4. schematic (n.) [skee-mat-ik, ski-]– a diagram or detailed illustration showing how to build an object

Example: The carpenters studied the house’s schematics closely.

5. made-to-order (adj.) [meyd-too-awr-der, -tuh-]– made for individual customers according to their specific needs or wants

Example:  She asked the dressmaker to put ribbons on the made-to-order dress.

Article 
Read the text below.

Kogoro Kurata, a 39-year-old Japanese artist, has built a massive robot called the “Kuratas,” which weighs 4 tons and stands at 13 feet (4 meters) high. In addition, the robot is equipped with a pilot seat so that an operator can control it from the inside. Kurata said it had been his dream to create and to ride robots ever since he was a child. When he was younger, he would watch state-of-the-art robots in films and animation. Many of the robots were big and piloted by people. Kurata added that robots are a part of Japanese culture, and he felt a robot of this type is something that Japanese should bring to life. Aside from being controlled from the inside, the robot’s arm movement and operating system can be controlled using an iPhone. The Kuratas can be armed with guns that shoot plastic bottles or pellets. It can also move at a maximum speed of 10kph. It took a team of engineers two years to build the Kuratas robot from the schematics. At present, the same kind of robot can be made-to-order, although a basic model can cost up to 110 million yen ($1.3 million). Customers can choose additional features for their robot such as cup holders and different paint colors. The creator said he has received thousands of inquiries from interested buyers, but he did not say how many have bought a robot. Kurata hopes his act of building a robot would encourage others to create even better robots in the future. He is especially interested in how future society could use robots.

Viewpoint Discussion 
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.

Discussion A 

         What was your dream or goal when you were younger? Why was that your dream?

         Have you fulfilled this dream or have you decided to do something else?

Discussion B

         How do you think robots will be used in the future?

         If you could build your own robot, what features would it have and what would it do? Please explain your answer.

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Indian Textbook Says Eating Meat Leads to Bad Behavior

Unlocking Word Meanings 
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. maintain (v.)  [meyn-teyn] – to say that some kind of information or idea is true

Example: The government maintains that the city’s tap water is safe to drink.

2. morality (n.) [muh-ral-i-tee, maw-] – a person’s set of values based on the accepted beliefs of a society

Example: People say the person who did the terrible crime had no morality.

3. anomaly (n.) [uh-nom-uh-lee] – something unusual or unexpected that does not follow standards

Example: The machine automatically checks for anomalies in the products.

4. impressionable (adj.) [im-presh-uh-nuh-buh l, -presh-nuh-] – easily affected or influenced by something

Example: Impressionable children should be guided by their parents and teachers.

5. distort (v.) [dih-stawrt] – to cause an unnatural change to the form or condition of something

Example: Stress can distort people’s thinking pattern and can change their behavior.

Article 
Read the text below.

A controversial new textbook for schools in India claims that eating meat makes people lie, cheat, steal and commit other crimes. The book, titled “New Healthway: Health, Hygiene, Physiology, Safety, Sex Education, Games and Exercises,” maintains that eating meat causes people to do actions against morality. Vineet Joshi, chief of the Central Board of Secondary Education, says the book was not approved by the Board. According to Joshi, schools are given freedom to choose their own textbooks based on standards set by the Indian government. M.M. Pallam Raju, the Union Minister for Human Resource Development, asserts that the book is an undesirable anomaly. He believes the government needs to better check the content of textbooks, which are read by young and impressionable students. In the country, several groups promote the non-physical effects of vegetarianism. At the Tihar jail, for example, prisoners are given vegetarian food because of the belief that meat distorts a person’s way of thinking while vegetables produce positive changes in the mind. B.K. Sushant of the Brahma Kumaris educational institution agrees that meat is not good for people. He said poisonous chemicals are released when animals are killed, and these harmful chemicals, when eaten, affect a person negatively. However, Professor Tanvir Aeijab from Ramjas College does not believe food impacts people’s morality. Aeijab explained that the kind of food people eat depends on their culture and origin. He said that at their school, they have not seen any difference between students who are vegetarian and non-vegetarian.

Viewpoint Discussion 
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.

Discussion A 

         Do you agree that what you eat influences your personality or your actions? Why or why not?

         Why do you think some people prefer to have a vegetarian diet?

Discussion B

         What is your opinion on the quality of students’ textbooks in your country?

         How would you describe a good learning or study material?

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More Women Workers May Save Japan’s Economy

Unlocking Word Meanings
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. salvage (v.) [sal-vij] – to rescue or to save something from loss or damage

Example: They tried to salvage the documents destroyed by the flood.

2. gender gap (n.) [jen-der gap] – a situation wherein males and females are not given fair treatment or the same opportunities

Example:  The company avoids a gender gap by giving equal salaries to male and female employees of the same job position.

3. diversity (n.) [dih-vur-si-tee, dahy-] – the state of having many different kinds or types of something (such as ideas)

Example: We heard a diversity of opinions from speakers at the forum.

4. compulsory (adj.) [kuh m-puhl-suh-ree] – required

Example: The employees must attend the compulsory event set by the management.

5. leave (n.) [leev] – a period of time when someone can  be absent from work or duty

Example: He asked his employer for a one-week leave to take care of a sick family member.

Article
Read the text below.

Japan is currently facing an economic problem: there are not enough people in its workforce to pay welfare costs and needed taxes. However, experts believe women may salvage the economy if women are given more jobs. According to a Goldman Sachs report in 2010, Japan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) could rise by about 15% if more women would join the workforce. Data from the government reveals that Japanese women currently earn only 60% of what men earn because most women are part-time workers. In addition, only 65% of women with college-level education have jobs, while 70% of women leave their jobs after giving birth to their first child. The low number of working women is partly because of gender gap issues in Japan. Kaori Sasaki, president and CEO of consulting company Ewoman, explains that high company positions have long been held by men who think similarly. For Japan to have economic growth, she says, management and executives need people—both women and men—who think differently and can provide a diversity of ideas to solve problems. Masahiro Yamada, professor of family sociology at Tokyo’s Chuo University says women also need to work and have income so they can think of starting families. A population increase would mean more workers to support the economy. But being a working mom can be a challenge in the country because of long work hours and after-work socializing that almost seems compulsory. Few companies allow parental leave longer than 18 months. Sasaki says that although some working women believe they are now given more opportunities, the gender gap remains a problem ignored by the country.

Viewpoint Discussion
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.

Discussion A

         In your opinion, are women in your country given enough work opportunities? Why or why not?

         Do you believe women can really help boost a country’s economy if they can work more? Why or why not?

Discussion B

         Why do you think gender gap still exists in different parts of the world?

         What can people do to reduce gender gaps?

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New Gadget Helps Dog Owners Check their Pets’ Health

Unlocking Word Meanings
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.

1. pendant (n.) [pen-duh nt] – a small object hanging from a chain or cord

Example: The queen wore a diamond pendant with a gold necklace around her neck.

2. shiver (v.) [shiv-er] – to shake very lightly because of cold, fear or sickness

Example: The cold wind blew and the poor child shivered in his thin clothes. 

3. manually (adv.) [man-yoo-uh lee] – done by oneself, using physical human effort

Example Even with computers, workers still need to manually check the quality of each product. 

4. veterinarian (n.) [vet-er-uh-nair-ee-uh n, ve-truh-] – a doctor of animals; someone who cares for the health of animals

Example: The zoo veterinarian gave medicine to the sick lion.

5. assessment (n.) [uh-ses-muh nt] – the act of making a judgment or evaluation based on information about something or someone

Example: After all the tests were done, the patient waited for the doctor’s assessment.

Article
Read the text below.

Fujitsu recently released a new pet management service and device called Wandant, which lets pet owners learn detailed information about how their pet dogs are feeling.  “Wandant” is a combination of two words. “Wan” is from “wan wan,” which is used in Japan to refer to the sound dogs make while “dant” is taken from the English word “pendant,” which refers to the device worn by the pet dog around its neck. The Wandant looks like a business card attached to a pet collar. It measures 4.6 cm by 2.84cm by 1.25cm and weighs around 16 grams. Inside the device, Fujitsu has placed technology similar to its award-winning K supercomputer. The pendant can record the dog’s temperature, the amount of shivering experienced by the dog (its “buru-buru” score), and the dog’s number of steps. The data are automatically uploaded to the Internet where the dog’s owner can check them. The data appear as graphs on the pet’s personal profile page, showing the dog’s overall condition. Pet owners can also manually input other kinds of information into their dog’s account. An owner trying to manage a dog’s weight, for example, can record how much food the dog ate. Other activities, such as going for a walk or going to the veterinarian, can be recorded in a dog’s Wandant daily diary. Veterinarians can even use the data on a dog’s profile page in their assessment of a dog’s health. Pet owners can purchase the Wandant for 9,800 yen and a monthly fee of 420 yen after the first year.

Viewpoint Discussion
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.

Discussion A 

         Do you think gadgets like the Wandant pendant are good purchases for pet owners? Why or why not?

         Can people still take good care of animals even without devices like Wandant? What makes you say so?

Discussion B

         Should people have a limit on how much time and money they spend on their pets? Why or why not?

         Name something expensive that you bought for your pet or for yourself. What made you decide to finally buy it?

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