Selasa, 25 Februari 2014

FACTOIDS: Why is belly button lint blue, How to survive a Mosh Pit, and more

I read 'em so you don't gotta.
This batch of science factoids starts with research on the physiology of, uh, a "number two" and progresses pretty much steadily downhill from there.

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Long-held secret of bowel movement now understood
A research team has found a segmentation motion occurs when not one but two sets of pacemakers interact with each other to create a specific rhythm. Then they work together with nerves and muscle to generate the movement that allows for nutrient absorption inside the human digestive system. The discovery is important as it gives direction for development of drugs or nutrients which will combat diarrhea, constipation, bloating or malabsorption of nutrients from food.
~ Source: Nature Communications, 2014, from  McMaster University
  • Wanted: Students willing to be wired to beeping machines to measure brain and muscle activity while, uh, going number two.  Pays $50 per.
What is belly button fluff and why is it always blue?
Belly button fluff, eh? The more cultured among us might call it ‘navel lint’. Regardless of how you say it, some of us are endowed with a plentiful supply of it (the ‘innies’) whereas others are fluff impoverished (the ‘outies’).  So where on Earth does it come from?

Mostly from our underwear.  It is a ‘problem’ for more men than women mainly because of a man’s hairier ‘snail trail’. But all is not lost! Concerned men will be pleased to know there is a cure: an investigation from 2008 discovered that shaving off abdominal hair can prevent all belly button lint. Furthermore, wearing older clothes can provide additional fluff protection.
~ Source: Guru magazine – a ‘science lifestyle’ magazine 
  • And so now we know.  I wonder how many belly buttons they had to examine to a have statistically valid sample?
Ants build raft to escape flood, protect queen
When facing a flood, ants build rafts and use both the buoyancy of the brood and the recovery ability of workers to minimize injury or death, according to Jessica Purcell from University of Lausanne, Switzerland, and colleagues. Furthermore, the queen ant is placed in the middle and protected on all sides by the rafting ants.
~ Source:  The online science journal, PLOS ONE

  • Look for the ant in Biblical robes with a long white beard.  His name is Noah.  Noah, the ant.
Fruit-loving lemurs score higher on spatial memory tests
Source: hdwallpaperia.com 
Food-finding tests in five lemur species show fruit-eaters may have better spatial memory than lemurs with a more varied diet. The results support the idea that relying on foods that are seasonally available and far-flung gives a competitive edge to individuals with certain cognitive abilities -- such as remembering where the goodies are.
~ Source:  Duke University

  • Obviously, the answer to a poor memory is to eat more lemurs - except that 90% of lemur species are endangered.  So, it looks like we're stuck eating more fruit.  But, must we climb trees to get the full effect?
ON A SERIOUS NOTE:  LGBT youth face greater cancer risks
A new study has found that youths of same-sex orientation are more likely to engage in behaviors associated with cancer risk than heterosexuals. 12 cancer-risk behaviors included tobacco use, drinking alcohol, early sex, multiple sexual partners, higher body mass index (BMI) and lack of exercise were all studied in a group of young people. The report found that for all 12, sexual minorities were more likely than heterosexuals to engage in the risky behavior.
~ Source:  City College of New York

ANOTHER SERIOUS NOTE: Schizophrenics at greater risk of getting diseases
People suffering from schizophrenia have an increased risk of contracting autoimmune diseases, especially if they have suffered from a severe infection, new research based on data sets covering the majority of the Danish population shows.
~ Source: Aarhus University
  • So if you're a schizophrenic LGBT youth, it's likely you have blue belly button lint, and you are so like totally hosed, dude. (Did you know that being politically correct makes one gain weight?  It's been proven.  Being un-PC and snarky is part of my weight loss regimen.)
PARTICLE DYNAMICS:  How To Survive A Mosh Pit
Physicists at Cornell University found that people in mosh pits behave amazingly like gas particles—meaning that the pits move in predictable patterns. Here’s how to avoid incurring too much bodily damage:
  1. Wait a while before jumping in. The collective speed of the moshers typically spikes early on and then drops off steadily, following a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
    • In physics, a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes particle speeds in gases where the particles move freely inside a stationary container without interacting with one another, except for very brief collisions in which they exchange energy and momentum with each other or with their thermal environment.  (Sounds exactly like a mosh pit to me.)
  2. Once in the fray, make sure to avoid the middle, where a vortex-like “circle pit” can emerge as people collide and start running in the same direction.
  3. When you’re ready to get out, don’t head directly toward the stage. That area will be tightly packed with bodies. Instead, exit stage left or stage right.
~ Source: Popular Science,  February 2014

Senin, 24 Februari 2014

Study Says Alcohol Drinking During Pregnancy Can Benefit Child

【Unlocking Word Meanings】
 今日の単語・フレーズ

Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article. 

1. mild /maɪld/ (adj.) – slight or not too much
Example: The doctor allowed mild exercises for the recovering patient.

2. behavior /bɪˈheɪvyər/ (n.) – the way a person acts or responds to certain situations
Example: Good parents raise children with proper behavior.

3. conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/ (n.) – the process in which the fetus develops in the womb
Example: Women should avoid unsafe medicine during conception.

4. promising /ˈprɒməsɪŋ/ (adj.) – shows great potential to succeed
Example: The promising musician can play various instruments.

5. indulge /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ (v.) – to enjoy yourself with something
Example: He indulged himself in too much alcohol.


【Article】
 ニュース記事

Read the text below.
Research from Denmark shows that pregnant women who have mild drinking habits are likely to give birth to disciplined children.

Janni Niclasen, a psychologist from the University of Copenhagen [koh-puhn-HEY-guhn], studied how alcohol consumption among pregnant women is related to children’s behavioral and emotional development.

She asked 100,000 pregnant participants about their drinking habits and lifestyle. When the women’s children reached the age of seven, Niclasen conducted another study to assess the kids’ behavior.

According to Niclasen, mothers who took small quantities of alcohol while pregnant have children who behave better than those born to women who avoided drinking. These children are more emotionally mature and showed better manners.

While alcohol may affect conception, Niclasen considered other possible factors. She observed that those who drank at least 90 units of alcohol are highly educated and follow a healthy lifestyle among the group. Ninety units is equal to a glass of wine a week or one bottle per month.

The findings may be promising, but Niclasen does not encourage pregnant women to indulge in alcohol. She acknowledged that other factors like parents’ guidance and the child’s level of intelligence were not included in the study. The research also did not focus on mothers who drank larger amounts of alcohol.

Health institutions greatly discourage pregnant women from drinking. Janet Fyle, a policy adviser from Royal College of Midwives, argued that alcohol will always be harmful for babies. She said that a mother gets well-mannered children by raising them properly and not by drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

【Viewpoint Discussion】
 ディスカッションテーマ

Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.  

Discussion A

         What do you think motivated Niclasen to conduct this study?
         Are you convinced by the results of the study? Why or why not?

Discussion B

         In your opinion, how can parents raise well-behaved children?
         Why do you think some children misbehave?


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Out of Africa: The Malaria Parasite

Credit: David Morgan and Crickette Sanz

This is a photo of Lewis, an adult chimpanzee from 
Goualougo Triangle in the Republic of Congo.
This is a somewhat more technical post following up on yesterday's article about a world wide epidemic warning system.  This research identifies the source of malaria, and points out that malaria world wide in the result of a single individual carrying the parasite out of Africa, creating a global health problem.  AIDS started this way with a single infected carrier, now we know it was the same with malaria, a disease that kills thousands annually.

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An international team of scientists has traced the origin of Plasmodium vivax, the second-worst malaria parasite of humans, to Africa, according to a study published this week in Nature Communications. Until recently, the closest genetic relatives of human P. vivax were found only in Asian macaques, leading researchers to believe that P. vivax originated in Asia.

The study, led by researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, found that wild-living apes in central Africa are widely infected with parasites that, genetically, are nearly identical to human P. vivax.

This finding overturns the dogma that P. vivax originated in Asia, despite being most prevalent in humans there now, and also solves other vexing questions about P. vivax infection: how a mutation conferring resistance to P. vivax occurs at high frequency in the very region where this parasite seems absent and how travelers returning from regions where almost all humans lack the receptor for P. vivax can be infected with this parasite.

Of Ape and Human Parasites
Members of the research teams tested over 5,000 ape fecal samples from dozens of field stations and sanctuaries in Africa for P. vivax DNA. They found P. vivax-like sequences in chimpanzees, in western and eastern gorillas, but not in bonobos. Ape P. vivax was highly prevalent in wild communities, exhibiting infection rates consistent with stable transmission of the parasite within the wild apes.

Ape P. vivax infects both gorillas and chimpanzees, unlike the ape precursor of P. falciparum, the deadliest human malaria parasite, which only infects gorillas. The origin of P. falciparum in gorillas was discovered several years ago by the same international group of investigators. The team continued its widespread screen of malaria parasite DNA in wild-living primates, and noted that P. vivax was also endemic in gorillas and chimpanzees in central Africa.

To examine the evolutionary relationships between ape and human parasites, the team generated parasite DNA sequences from wild and sanctuary apes, as well as from a global sampling of human P. vivax infections. They constructed a family tree of the sequences and found that ape and human parasites were very closely related. But ape parasites were more diverse than the human parasites and did not group according to their host species. In contrast, the human parasites formed a single lineage that fell within the branches of ape parasite sequences.

From these evolutionary relationships, the team concluded that P. vivax is of African -- not Asian -- origin, and that all existing human P. vivax parasites evolved from a single ancestor that spread out of Africa. The high prevalence of P. vivax in wild-living apes, along with the recent finding of ape P. vivax in a European traveler, indicates the existence of a substantial natural reservoir of P. vivax in Africa.

Solving a Paradox
Of the five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans, P. vivax is the most widespread. Although highly prevalent in Asia and Latin America, P. vivax was thought to be absent from west and central Africa due to a mutation that causes what is known as the Duffy-negative phenotype found in most indigenous African people.

P. vivax parasites enter human red blood cells via the Duffy protein receptor. Because the absence of the receptor on the surface of these cells confers protection against P. vivax malaria, this parasite has long been suspected to be the agent that selected for this mutation. However, this hypothesis had been difficult to reconcile with the belief that P. vivax originated in Asia.

"Our finding that wild-living apes in central Africa show widespread infection with diverse strains of P. vivax provides new insight into the evolutionary history of human P. vivax and resolves the paradox that a mutation conferring resistance to P. vivax occurs with high frequency in the very region where this parasite is absent in humans," says Hahn.

"One interpretation of the relationships that we observed is that a single host switch from apes gave rise to human P. vivax, analogous to the origin of human P. falciparum," Sharp adds. "However, this seems unlikely in this case since ape P. vivax does not divide into gorilla- and chimpanzee-specific lineages. "

A more plausible scenario, say the researchers, is that an ancestral P. vivax stock was able to infect humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees in Africa around 30,000 years ago. Under this scenario, existing human-infecting P. vivax is a parasite that survived after spreading out of Africa.

Forest Reservoirs
"The existence of a P. vivax reservoir within the forests of central Africa has public health implications," notes Peeters. "First, it solves the mystery of P. vivax infections in travelers returning from regions where 99 percent of the human population is Duffy negative. It also raises the possibility that Duffy positive humans whose work may bring them in close proximity to chimpanzees and gorillas may become infected by ape P. vivax. This has already happened once and may happen again, with unknown consequences."

The team is also concerned about the possibility that ape P. vivax may spread via international travel to countries where human P. vivax is actively transmitted. Since ape P. vivax is more diverse, genetically, than human P. vivax, it potentially has more versatility to escape treatment and prevention measures, especially if human and ape parasites were able to recombine.
*  *  *  *  *

Story Source: Materials provided by Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Weimin Liu, Yingying Li, Katharina S. Shaw, Gerald H. Learn, Lindsey J. Plenderleith, Jordan A. Malenke, Sesh A. Sundararaman, Miguel A. Ramirez, Patricia A. Crystal, Andrew G. Smith, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Ahidjo Ayouba, Sabrina Locatelli, Amandine Esteban, Fatima Mouacha, Emilande Guichet, Christelle Butel, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Bila-Isia Inogwabini, Jean-Bosco N. Ndjango, Sheri Speede, Crickette M. Sanz, David B. Morgan, Mary K. Gonder, Philip J. Kranzusch, Peter D. Walsh, Alexander V. Georgiev, Martin N. Muller, Alex K. Piel, Fiona A. Stewart, Michael L. Wilson, Anne E. Pusey, Liwang Cui, Zenglei Wang, Anna Färnert, Colin J. Sutherland, Debbie Nolder, John A. Hart, Terese B. Hart, Paco Bertolani, Amethyst Gillis, Matthew LeBreton, Babila Tafon, John Kiyang, Cyrille F. Djoko, Bradley S. Schneider, Nathan D. Wolfe, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Eric Delaporte, Richard Carter, Richard L. Culleton, George M. Shaw, Julian C. Rayner, Martine Peeters, Beatrice H. Hahn, Paul M. Sharp. African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. Nature Communications, 2014.

Minggu, 23 Februari 2014

‘Microneedle’ Gives Painless Injection

【Unlocking Word Meanings】
 今日の単語・フレーズ

Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article. 

1. injection /ɪnˈdʒɛkʃən/ (n.) – the process of using a needle to insert fluid in the body
Example: The patient hates injections because he is afraid of needles.

2. patch /pætʃ/ (n.) – a small material put on skin, often for clinical purposes
Example: He put medical patches on his knee until the pain is gone.

3. vaccination /ˌvæksəˈneɪʃən/ (n.) – the act of injecting a drug that prevents viral infection and diseases
Example: Babies and kids are required to have vaccinations against measles and chicken pox.

4. motivate /ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt/ (v.) – to encourage a person into doing something
Example: His desire to treat illnesses motivated him to become a doctor.

5. release /riˈlis/ (v.) – to make something available for purchase
Example: The drug company released a new cure for the disease.


【Article】
 ニュース記事

Read the text below.
Patients who hate injections can now have a painless option with newly-developed microneedles.

Scientists from the University of British Columbia (UBC) have developed a medical injection method that does not require big needles. Dr. Boris Stoeber [BAWR-is STOH-ber] led the project, which began in 1999.

The microneedle patch is a square, flat metal plate that measures eight millimeters. One patch contains 50 to 100 microneedles, which look like volcanoes through the microscope. Stoeber claims that the microneedles will feel just like sandpaper when pressed on the skin.

According to Stoeber, the invention can make the process of injecting medicine much easier. Diabetic [dahy-uh-BET-ik] people can benefit well with microneedles, especially when checking blood sugar levels. Vaccinations can also be done through microneedles. And more importantly, patients can take blood tests and other laboratory procedures involving injections without feeling scared of painful needles.

To provide proof, Stoeber tested his product on drug injection in 2004. Results showed that the microneedles were effective in injecting drugs and the participants reported no pain during the process.

The inspiration behind this invention came from Stoeber’s fear of needles during his childhood. He usually suffered from allergies and often needed injections. His painful experiences with needles thus motivated him to develop the product.

According to Stoeber, one patch will cost only 10 US cents. He hopes to release the product in the market by 2018. For now, UBC scientists are currently working on getting more scientific findings to improve the microneedles’ design and efficiency.

【Viewpoint Discussion】
 ディスカッションテーマ

Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.  

Discussion A

         Do you think microneedles can really be a good replacement to traditional injection? Kindly explain.
         In your opinion, how else can microneedles be beneficial in the medical industry?

Discussion B

         How does technology affect the health industry? Kindly discuss briefly.
         Do you think experts should further simplify medical procedures and laboratory tests? Why or why not?


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New Early Warning System for Epidemics Announced

Books such as The Andromeda Strain (1969), by Michael Crichton have built a plausible story based on scientific reality and possibility - The Andromeda Strain is still in print, and still sells well.  It was the second of Dr. Crichton's book I read, the first being his non-fiction work, Five Patients (which he wrote while still in medical training.  And you think you have trouble finding time to write.)


Suggested Reading
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Of course, this is but one of many books, movies, and tele-dramas to explore the possibility of an epidemic and how people react and respond to such emergencies.  In real life, the AIDS epidemic is a bitter reminder of what can happen.  It's a fertile field offering many opportunities for dramatic development. 

Here's a late report on efforts to identify and respond  to possible wild-fire spread of an infectious disease world-wide.




Early warning system for epidemics: 
Risk map correlates environmental, health data

The environment has an impact on our health. Preventing epidemics relies on activating the right counter-measures, and scientists are now trying to find out how better use of forecasting can help. The EU's EO2HEAVEN project developed a risk map for correlating environmental and health data in order to identify where a disease may break out next. 

Cholera has been all but eradicated in Europe, but this bacterial, primarily waterborne disease still claims thousands of lives in Africa every year. Scientists are examining the effects various environmental factors have on cholera epidemics in Uganda. As part of this work, the Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB in Karlsruhe (Germany) developed a software architecture for early warning systems that compares environmental and health data and presents the results graphically. "This allowed us to visualize the complex relationships between these factors for the first time on risk maps, leading to a better understanding of the processes," explains project coordinator Dr. Kym Watson.

The scientists use sensors to measure environmental parameters such as rainfall, exposure to solar radiation and pH value, as well as temperature and concentration of nutrients in the water. Weather and climate forecasts are also factored into the analysis. At the same time, they use mobile applications to collect health data on cholera cases from hospitals and doctors, such as where patients have been and what their symptoms are. This data is collected and stored -- anonymously -- on a central server at the health authority in the Ugandan capital Kampala. Using the new software, each case appears as a red dot on a digital map. By correlating this information with the environmental data, scientists can see how fast and how far an outbreak is spreading.

"For the first time, Ugandan officials were able to visualize and comprehend the full extent and implications of the cholera outbreaks. Prior to this, individual cases were only ever recorded manually in written lists. Decision makers are now in a position to better deploy medical resources in the affected areas, and hospitals and doctors are better prepared and can respond much more effectively," says Watson, recounting the project's successes.

A variety of applications
This kind of early warning system can also be put to good use in other areas. As part of their work for EO2HEAVEN, the scientists investigated a further two case studies. In the German city of Dresden, they looked at the relationship between air quality -- measured in terms of temperature, Particulate Matter and ozone -- and cardiovascular diseases. And in the Durban industrial basin in South Africa, they investigated the correlation between air pollution and asthma.

In the long-term, members of the public also stand to benefit directly from the early warning system. "It's conceivable, for example, that an app for asthmatics would allow a user to set up a personal profile with their own allergic reaction thresholds for pollen count and air quality," says Watson. "By comparing this set of values with measured environmental data, the app would enable each individual to access a personalized risk map, and could issue a warning whenever the threshold values are exceeded."

Strictly confidential
But the project was not without its challenges. In Germany in particular, obtaining the necessary health data from health insurance companies is difficult since it goes without saying that these data are strictly confidential. So it is important to prepare data in a way that guarantees anonymity in order to safeguard data protection. What's more, once a high-risk situation has been identified it's not always easy to determine the right measures and actually carry them out; the IT solution is merely a tool that helps people in their decision-making. Whether cholera outbreaks in Uganda can really be confined naturally depends above all on the speed of the response, and on the quality of drinking water, hygiene practices and available medical resources.

A total of ten European and three African companies and research institutions collaborated in the EO2HEAVEN project, which had a budget of 8.7 million euros. Fraunhofer IOSB is implementing the cholera early warning system in collaboration with the World Health Organization WHO and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA. The team is currently looking for additional sponsors and funding sources to advance the solution for widespread use in any affected country.
*  *  *  *  *

Story Source: Materials provided by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. "Early warning system for epidemics: Risk map correlates environmental, health data." ScienceDaily

Sabtu, 22 Februari 2014

Prolonged Sitting Is Not Good for Women

【Unlocking Word Meanings】
 今日の単語・フレーズ

Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article. 

1. prolonged /prəˈlɔŋd/ (adj.) – happening or continuing for a long time
Example: Prolonged stress harms the body.

2. sedentary /ˈsɛdnˌtɛri/ (adj.) – involving little movement
Example: Office work is usually sedentary.  

3. cardiovascular /ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskyələr/ (adj.) – relating to or involving the heart
Example: Eating fruits help prevent cardiovascular diseases.

4. idle /ˈaɪdl/ (adj.) – not performing or not doing anything
Example: Some old people tend to be idle. 

5. make a difference /meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns/ (idiom) – to change things for the better
Example: Regular exercise makes a big difference to a person’s health.


【Article】
 ニュース記事

Read the text below.
A new study, entitled “Sedentary Behavior and Mortality in Older Women,” revealed that prolonged sitting is not good for women.

Nutritional scientist Rebecca Seguin [si-GEEN] led the study, which was participated by 93,000 women aged 50 to 79. These women had high amounts of sedentary time, mainly spent on sitting and resting, excluding sleeping.

The study discovered that women who had more than 11 hours of sitting time in a day died earlier than their active peers. The risk is 12 percent higher than those who are more active—four hours or less of inactivity in a single day. Moreover, the first group of women is more prone to cardiovascular diseases, coronary diseases, and cancer.

According to Seguin, most people have the wrong idea that it is alright to spend a long time sitting as long as they are physically fit and spend some time to exercise. Seguin says this posts more danger.

Seguin explains that too much idle time makes it hard for women to regain physical strength and function. Although regular exercise can be a big help, women can benefit more from having everyday movement to maintain good health.

The researcher advises office workers to get up and move around the office frequently. For those who are already retired and have lots of idle time, they can go outside and take a walk. They can also get up between TV programs, computer work, and reading time.  

According to Seguin, small movements like these can make a big difference.

【Viewpoint Discussion】
 ディスカッションテーマ

Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.  

Discussion A

         How do you feel about the findings of the study?
         What healthy habits do you want to practice in the next few months? How will these habits help you?

Discussion B

         Please describe the kind of lifestyle common in the place where you live.
         Would you say this is a healthy kind of lifestyle? Why or why not?


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How Job Focus Affects Relationships

Suggest Reading
Discord in a relationship due to the differing goals and a focus on job and career by one partner is grist for the mill in every genre'.  So understanding this phenomena will help your character development and your story arcs whether in a short story or a screenplay.

Here's a report from the University of Illinois that may provide you with additional insight into this all too common stressor in relationships.


Pay attention to your relationship work ethic, experts urge

Is a date with your partner as important to you as a meeting at work?  A University of Illinois study recommends that couples develop a relationship work ethic that rivals — or at least equals — their professional work ethic.

“When people enter the workplace, they make an effort to arrive on time, be productive throughout the day, listen attentively to co-workers and supervisors, try to get along with others, and dress and groom themselves to make a good impression,” said Jill R. Bowers, a researcher in the U of I’s Department of Human and Community Development.

Couples should be at least as invested in their relationship work ethic, prioritizing their partner and putting the same kind of energy into active listening, planning time together, finding a workable solution for sharing household tasks, and handling personal stress so that it doesn’t spill over into the relationship, the researcher said.

“But that can be hard to do when you get home and you’re tired and emotionally drained, and the second shift begins, with cooking, cleaning, laundry, and the demands associated with children that compete for communication and quality time with your partner,” she added.

Because effort at work is driven by pay, a person’s career often consumes most of his or her attention. “The job gets all your energy, and there’s little left over for what comes after. That’s why you have to be intentional about working on your romantic partnership,” Bowers noted.

The researcher is the lead author of a study that evaluated Intentional Harmony, a curriculum on work-life balance for dual-earner married couples developed by U of I professor Angela R. Wiley, Kathryn R. Branscomb, and U of I Extension family life educators.

The evaluation measured the impact of attending an Intentional Harmony workshop on work-partner balance skills and strategies as well as relationship satisfaction in 47 heterosexual couples. All couples took a pre- and post-test. Half of the couples attended the workshop before the training; the others did not attend the training until after their relationship skills were assessed.

Couples who attended the workshop improved significantly in their ability to manage work-partner role conflict and other relevant skills compared to the other group, and they also reported a greater reduction in physical and emotional stress. The evaluation also found that the study was most effective for women.

Improved organizational and time management skills can help couples balance work and family commitments, but “it’s complicated,” Bowers conceded.

“Sharing household tasks continues to be a big concern for couples. Flexible work schedules are often advocated as a way to balance work and family commitments, but these arrangements can blur the lines between work and family time. Establishing those boundaries is difficult enough, and not having those limits can make life even more stressful,” she said.

“You may not feel like you have the time or assume that everything’s okay because your partner isn’t complaining, but over time the consequences of shortchanging your relationship could mean serious relationship issues, and that has real implications for your mental and physical health. That’s why we advise taking your relationship work ethic seriously and making time for your partner intentional,” Bowers said.
*  *  *  *  *

Story Source:  Materials provided by University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES). Jill R. Bowers, Angela R. Wiley, Blake L. Jones, Brian G. Ogolsky, Kathryn Branscomb. Helping Dual-Earner Couples Manage Work–Partner Interferences: A Program Evaluation. Marriage & Family Review, 2014.