Implantable artificial kidney

Hemo Dialysis:- 

 

The goal of Hemo Dialysis is to replace the kidneys’ excretory function. To accomplish this goal, blood and dialysate are circulated in opposite directions (counter current) on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer  allowing unwanted solutes such as potassium, urea, and phosphorus to diffuse from the blood into the dialysate and permitting addition of solutes such as bicarbonate and calcium from the dialysate into blood. 

The concentrations of the solutes added to the dialysate mirror those normally maintained in the body by the native kidneys. An additional goal is the elimination of excess water volume via ultrafiltration, accomplished by controlling the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the semipermeable membrane .
 
Implantable Artificial kidney:-
The artificial kidney project, which is targeted for clinical trials in 2017, was selected for its transformative potential in treating end stage renal disease and for its potential to benefit from early interactions with the FDA in the approval process.

End-stage renal disease, or chronic kidney failure, affects nearly 2 million people worldwide, including more than 570,000 in the United States, and costs the nation almost $40 billion each year for treatment. The most effective treatment is kidney transplantation, but those organs are in short supply; last year, only 16,812 kidneys were available for transplant, leaving 92,000patients on the waiting list, according to the Organ Procurement ant Transplant Network.
The UCSF artificial kidney, or implantable Renal Assist Device (iRAD) would include thousands of microscopic filters as well as a bioreactor to mimic the metabolic and water-balancing roles of a real kidney.

Implantable Artificial Kidney